English Language / ITL Standards Matrix
Grade 12

A. Reading and Literature
B. Writing
C. Oral Language
D. Language
E. Media and Technology
F. Research and Inquiry

A. Media and Technology
B. Information and Inquiry
C. Independent Learning
D. The Learning Community

 

• Apply sophisticated word meaning and word analysis strategies, such as knowledge of roots, cognates, suffixes, and prefixes, to understand unfamiliar words

• relate prior knowledge to the problem or question—B.12.1

• Gather information to help achieve understanding when the meaning of a text is unclear

• conduct a preliminary search to determine if the research questions or thesis statement is clear and searchable; refine and revise if necessary—B.12.1
• identify a full range of appropriate and available information from local, national, and global sources—B.12.2
• determine and apply evaluative criteria to prioritizing potential sources—B.12.2
• select information clearly related to the problem or question—B.12.4
• organize information in systematic manner for unity, coherence, clarity, and emphasis—B.12.5

• Apply knowledge of expository structures, such as the deductive or inductive development of an argument, to the comprehension and evaluation of texts

• interpret new information to formulate ideas which address the question or problem using comparison, evaluation, inference, and generalization skills—B.12.6

• Identify propaganda techniques and faulty reasoning in texts

• evaluate information for stereotyping, prejudice, and misrepresentation—B.12.4
• evaluate graphic images for misleading presentation and manipulated data—B.12.4

• Explain and evaluate the influence of format on the readability and meaning of a text

• evaluate how words, images, sounds, and illustrations are constructed to convey specific messages, viewpoints, and values to shape attitudes and influence action—C.12.3

• Distinguish between fact and opinion in nonfiction texts

• distinguish among fact, opinion, point of view, and inference—B.12.4

• Consider the context of a work when determining the meaning of abbreviations and acronyms as well as the technical, idiomatic, and figurative meanings of terms

• evaluate how words, images, sounds, and illustrations are constructed to convey specific messages, viewpoints, and values to shape attitudes and influence action—C.12.3

• Explain the structure of selected classical and contemporary works of literature, in whole and in part, from various cultures and historical periods, and illustrate ways in which authors use syntax, imagery, figures of speech, allusions, symbols, irony, and other devices in the context of history, culture, and style

• interpret new information to formulate ideas which address the question or problem using comparison, evaluation, inference, and generalization skills—B.12.6
• compare and contrast examples of literature and creative expressions of information with other examples of literature and creative expressions of information—C.12.2

• Draw on a broad base of knowledge about the universal themes of literature such as initiation, love and duty, heroism, illusion and reality, salvation, death and rebirth, and explain how these themes are developed in a particular work of literature

• recognize that core lists of classics and recommended titles for precollege reading provide for a well-rounded literary background—C.12.2

• Investigate and report on ways in which a writer has influenced or been influenced by historical, social, and cultural issues or events

• Develop, explain, and defend interpretations of complex literary works

• apply personal criteria for choosing literature and other creative expressions of information—C.12.2
• compare and contrast examples of literature and creative expressions of information with other examples of literature and creative expressions of information—C.12.2

• Explain how details of language, setting, plot, character, conflict, point of view, and voice in a work of literature combine to produce a dominant tone, effect, or theme

• Develop and apply criteria to evaluate the literary merit of unfamiliar works

• apply personal criteria for choosing literature and other creative expressions of information—C.12.2

• Examine, explain, and evaluate, orally and in writing, various perspectives concerning individual, community, national, and world issues reflected in literary and nonliterary texts

• interpret new information to formulate ideas which address the question or problem using comparison, evaluation, inference, and generalization skills—B.12.6

• Develop and articulate, orally and in writing, defensible points of view on individual, community, national, and world issues reflected in literary and nonliterary texts

• synthesize new ideas, evidence, and prior knowledge to address the problem or question—B.12.6
• draw conclusions and support them with credible evidence—B.12.6

• Identify philosophical assumptions and basic beliefs underlying selected texts

• evaluate how words, images, sounds, and illustrations are constructed to convey specific messages, viewpoints, and values to shape attitudes and influence action—C.12.3

• Apply tests of logic and reasoning to informational and persuasive texts

• evaluate information for stereotyping, prejudice, and misrepresentation—B.12.4
• distinguish among fact, opinion, point of view, and inference—B.12.4
• determine if sources are authoritative, valid, reliable, accurate, relevant, and comprehensive—B.12.4

• Analyze and synthesize the concepts and details encountered in informational texts such as reports, technical manuals, historical papers, and government documents

• analyze and relate information using a variety of relational techniques (e.g., graphic organizers, database reports, spreadsheet charts, graphs)—B.12.5
• interpret new information to formulate ideas which address the question or problem using comparison, evaluation, inference, and generalization skills—B.12.6
• synthesize new ideas, evidence, and prior knowledge to address the problem or question—B.12.6
• draw conclusions and support them with credible evidence—B.12.6

• Draw on and integrate information from multiple sources when acquiring knowledge and developing a position on a topic of interest

• identify a full range of appropriate and available information from local, national, and global sources—B.12.2
• pursue a variety of resources reflecting differing points of view, cultures, and disciplines—B.12.2
• identify and select materials that reflect diverse perspectives—C.12.3

• Evaluate the reliability and authenticity of information conveyed in a text, using criteria based on knowledge of the author, topic, and context and analysis of logic, evidence, propaganda, and language

• evaluate information for stereotyping, prejudice, and misrepresentation—B.12.4
• determine if sources are authoritative, valid, reliable, accurate, relevant, and comprehensive—B.12.4
• evaluate graphic images for misleading presentation and manipulated data—B.12.4
• determine authorship for all resources and identify points of agreement and disagreement among sources—B.12.4

B. Writing

B.12.1 Create or produce writing to communicate with different audiences for a variety of purposes

• Write a coherent argument that takes a position, accurately summarizes an opposing position, refutes that position, and cites persuasive evidence

• use data-gathering strategies that include summarizing, paraphrasing, comparing, and quoting—B.12.5
• interpret new information to formulate ideas which address the question or problem using comparison, evaluation, inference, and generalization skills—B.12.6
• draw conclusions and support them with credible evidence—B.12.6

• Compose and publish analytic and reflective writing that conveys knowledge, experience, insights, and opinions to an intended audience

• determine the audience and purpose for communicating the information—B.12.7

• Use rhetorical structures that divide complex thoughts into simpler ones, logical transitions from one thought to another, and language appropriate to the intended audience

• determine the audience and purpose for communicating the information—B.12.7

• Write creative fiction that includes an authentic setting, discernible tone, coherent plot, distinct characters, effective detail, believable dialogue, and reasonable resolution of conflict

• Write summaries of complex information (such as information in a lengthy text or a sequence of events), expand or reduce the summaries by adding or deleting detail, and integrate appropriately summarized information into reviews, reports, or essays, with correct citations

• use data-gathering strategies that include summarizing, paraphrasing, comparing, and quoting—B.12.5
• follow standardized notetaking processes and compile bibliographic information in an approved format—B.12.5
• credit sources for all quotations, visuals, major ideas, and specific facts or data using accepted citation formats—B.12.5
• analyze and relate information using a variety of relational techniques (e.g., graphic organizers, database reports, spreadsheet charts, graphs)—B.12.5
• organize information in systematic manner for unity, coherence, clarity, and emphasis—B.12.5
• compile a bibliography in a format stipulated by an accepted manual of style—B.12.5
• interpret new information to formulate ideas which address the question or problem using comparison, evaluation, inference, and generalization skills—B.12.6
• synthesize new ideas, evidence, and prior knowledge to address the problem or question—B.12.6
• draw conclusions and support them with credible evidence—B.12.6

• Write autobiographical and biographical narratives in a mature style characterized by suitable vocabulary, descriptive detail, effective syntax, an appropriate voice, a variety of sentence structures, clear coordination and subordination of ideas, and rhetorical devices that help establish tone and reinforce meaning

• proofread and edit a document using the spell, thesaurus, and grammar checking functions of a word processing program—A.12.3

• Prepare and publish technical writing such as memos, applications, letters, reports and resumes for various audiences, attending to details of layout and format as appropriate to purpose

• use an integrated program or applications suite to complete a class assignment—A.12.3
• proofread and edit a document using the spell, thesaurus, and grammar checking functions of a word processing program—A.12.3
• manipulate graphics objects in a word processing program (e.g., select, move, modify, delete, duplicate, arrange)—A.12.3
• use desktop publishing and graphics software to produce page layouts in different formats (e.g., brochure, tri-fold, newsletter)—A.12.3
• analyze data from a database and present conclusions in a document or report—A.12.3
• organize information in systematic manner for unity, coherence, clarity, and emphasis—B.12.5
• compile a bibliography in a format stipulated by an accepted manual of style—B.12.5
• determine the audience and purpose for communicating the information—B.12.7

• Write in a variety of situations (impromptu, over time, in collaboration, alone) and adapt strategies, such as revision, technology, and the use of reference materials, to the situation

• use an integrated program or applications suite to complete a class assignment—A.12.3
• use desktop publishing and graphics software to produce page layouts in different formats (e.g., brochure, tri-fold, newsletter)—A.12.3
• use increasingly complex organizational features of print and electronic resources such as cumulative and cross-database indexes—B.12.3
• use different search strategies for bibliographic citations, abstracts, and full-text resources in electronic formats—B.12.3
• construct effective electronic and manual searches using keywords, phrases, Boolean logic, and limiters—B.12.3
• determine when to use general or specialized print and electronic reference tools—B.12.3
• compare, evaluate, and select appropriate Internet search engines and directories—B.12.3
• make decisions about group and classroom projects and learning objectives—C.12.4
• collaborate with others to design and develop information products and solutions—D.12.1

• Use a variety of writing technologies, including pen and paper as well as computers

• demonstrate proper keyboarding mechanics and touch type accurately (suggested range 30-35 wpm)—A.12.1
• use an integrated program or applications suite to complete a class assignment—A.12.3
• proofread and edit a document using the spell, thesaurus, and grammar checking functions of a word processing program—A.12.3
• manipulate graphics objects in a word processing program (e.g., select, move, modify, delete, duplicate, arrange)—A.12.3
• use desktop publishing and graphics software to produce page layouts in different formats (e.g., brochure, tri-fold, newsletter)—A.12.3
• analyze data from a database and present conclusions in a document or report—A.12.3
• produce a multimedia program using text, graphics, moving images, and sound—A.12.5
• develop a document or file for inclusion into a website or web page—A.12.5

• Write for a variety of readers, including peers, teachers, and other adults, adapting content, style, and structure to audience and situation

• determine the audience and purpose for communicating the information—B.12.7

• Write essays demonstrating the capacity to communicate knowledge, opinions, and insights to an intended audience through a clear thesis and effective organization of supporting ideas

• organize information in systematic manner for unity, coherence, clarity, and emphasis—B.12.5
• draw conclusions and support them with credible evidence—B.12.6
• determine the audience and purpose for communicating the information—B.12.7

• Develop a composition through a series of drafts, using a revision strategy based on purpose and audience, personal style, self-awareness of strengths and weaknesses as a writer, and feedback from peers and teachers

• use an integrated program or applications suite to complete a class assignment—A.12.3
• proofread and edit a document using the spell, thesaurus, and grammar checking functions of a word processing program—A.12.3
• determine the audience and purpose for communicating the information—B.12.7
• collaborate with others to design and develop information products and solutions—D.12.1

• Given a writing assignment to be completed in a limited amount of time, produce a well developed, well organized, clearly written response in effective language and a voice appropriate for audience and purpose

• organize information in systematic manner for unity, coherence, clarity, and emphasis—B.12.5
• determine the audience and purpose for communicating the information—B.12.7
• evaluate progress and quality of personal learning—C.12.4

• Understand the form and function of words, phrases, and clauses, including inter-related clauses in complex sentences, and use them effectively

• Use correct tenses, including conditionals, to indicate the relative order and relationship of events

• proofread and edit a document using the spell, thesaurus, and grammar checking functions of a word processing program—A.12.3

• Employ principles of agreement, including subject-verb, pronoun-noun, and preposition-pronoun

• Punctuate compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences correctly, including appropriate use of dialogue, citations, colons, hyphens, dashes, ellipses, and italics

• proofread and edit a document using the spell, thesaurus, and grammar checking functions of a word processing program—A.12.3

• Employ the conventions of capitalization

• Spell frequently used words correctly and use effective strategies for spelling unfamiliar words

• proofread and edit a document using the spell, thesaurus, and grammar checking functions of a word processing program—A.12.3

• Recognize common errors in the use of language and know how (and when) to correct them

• proofread and edit a document using the spell, thesaurus, and grammar checking functions of a word processing program—A.12.3

C. Oral Language

C.12.1 Prepare and deliver formal oral presentations appropriate to specific purposes and audiences

• Develop and deliver a speech that conveys information and ideas in logical fashion for a selected audience, using language that clarifies and reinforces meaning

• organize information in systematic manner for unity, coherence, clarity, and emphasis—B.12.5
• determine the audience and purpose for communicating the information—B.12.7
• develop a product or presentation that utilizes the strengths of the medium and supports the conclusions drawn in the research effort—B.12.7

• Construct and present a coherent argument, summarizing then refuting opposing positions, and citing persuasive evidence

• select information clearly related to the problem or question—B.12.4
• evaluate information for stereotyping, prejudice, and misrepresentation—B.12.4
• distinguish among fact, opinion, point of view, and inference—B.12.4
• determine if sources are authoritative, valid, reliable, accurate, relevant, and comprehensive—B.12.4
• determine authorship for all resources and identify points of agreement and disagreement among sources—B.12.4
• synthesize new ideas, evidence, and prior knowledge to address the problem or question—B.12.6
• draw conclusions and support them with credible evidence—B.12.6

• Participate effectively in question-and-answer sessions following presentations

• Summarize narrative and numerical information accurately and logically in presentations

• use data-gathering strategies that include summarizing, paraphrasing, comparing, and quoting—B.12.5
• synthesize new ideas, evidence, and prior knowledge to address the problem or question—B.12.6
• develop a product or presentation that utilizes the strengths of the medium and supports the conclusions drawn in the research effort—B.12.7

• Demonstrate confidence and poise during presentations, interacting effectively with the audience, and selecting language and gestures mindful of their effect

• determine criteria for judging the delivery, pacing, focus, and technical quality of the production or presentation—A.12.6
• judge how well the production or presentation meets specified criteria—A.12.6
• specify ways to improve future productions or presentations—A.12.6
• determine the audience and purpose for communicating the information—B.12.7

• Demonstrate the ability to debate an issue from either side

• Interpret literary works orally, citing textual data in support of assertions

• compare and contrast examples of literature and creative expressions of information with other examples of literature and creative expressions of information—C.12.2

• Synthesize and present results of research projects, accurately summarizing and illustrating the main ideas, using appropriate technological aids, and offering support for the conclusions

• evaluate the appropriateness and effectiveness of the media and technology used—A.12.6
• determine criteria for judging the delivery, pacing, focus, and technical quality of the production or presentation—A.12.6
• judge how well the production or presentation meets specified criteria—A.12.6
• specify ways to improve future productions or presentations—A.12.6
• organize information in systematic manner for unity, coherence, clarity, and emphasis—B.12.5
• interpret new information to formulate ideas which address the question or problem using comparison, evaluation, inference, and generalization skills—B.12.6
• synthesize new ideas, evidence, and prior knowledge to address the problem or question—B.12.6
• draw conclusions and support them with credible evidence—B.12.6
• compare strengths and weaknesses of possible presentation methods and products—B.12.7
• select the most appropriate format for the product or presentation—B.12.7
• develop a product or presentation that utilizes the strengths of the medium and supports the conclusions drawn in the research effort—B.12.7

• Speak fluently with varied inflection and effective eye contact, enunciating clearly at an appropriate rate and volume

• Observe the appropriate etiquette when expressing thanks and receiving praise

• Attend to both literal and connotative meanings

• Distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information

• select information clearly related to the problem or question—B.12.4
• determine if sources are authoritative, valid, reliable, accurate, relevant, and comprehensive—B.12.4

• Distinguish fact from opinion, evaluate logic, and identify manipulative techniques

• evaluate information for stereotyping, prejudice, and misrepresentation—B.12.4
• distinguish among fact, opinion, point of view, and inference—B.12.4
• evaluate graphic images for misleading presentation and manipulated data—B.12.4
• determine authorship for all resources and identify points of agreement and disagreement among sources—B.12.4

• Analyze messages for their accuracy and usefulness

• determine if sources are authoritative, valid, reliable, accurate, relevant, and comprehensive—B.12.4

• Evaluate a speaker’s use of diction, tone, syntax, rhetorical structure, and conventions of language considering the purpose and context of the communication

• Relate a speaker’s ideas and information to prior knowledge and experience

• synthesize new ideas, evidence, and prior knowledge to address the problem or question—B.12.6

• Consider the specific situation and current conditions when responding to instructions

• Detect and evaluate a speaker’s bias

• evaluate information for stereotyping, prejudice, and misrepresentation—B.12.4
• distinguish among fact, opinion, point of view, and inference—B.12.4
• evaluate graphic images for misleading presentation and manipulated data—B.12.4

• Consider the ideas and opinions of other speakers thoughtfully before responding

• Evaluate the validity and adequacy of ideas, arguments, hypotheses, and evidence

• determine if sources are authoritative, valid, reliable, accurate, relevant, and comprehensive—B.12.4
• determine authorship for all resources and identify points of agreement and disagreement among sources—B.12.4
• interpret new information to formulate ideas which address the question or problem using comparison, evaluation, inference, and generalization skills—B.12.6

• Be aware of and try to control counterproductive emotional responses to a speaker or ideas conveyed in a discussion

• Appraise the purpose of discussions by examining their context and the motivation of participants

• Perform various roles in a discussion, including leader, participant, and moderator

• incorporate effective group processes and shared decision-making in project development—D.12.1

• Demonstrate the ability to extend a discussion by adding relevant information or asking pertinent questions

• Explain and advance opinions by citing evidence and referring to authoritative sources

• determine if sources are authoritative, valid, reliable, accurate, relevant, and comprehensive—B.12.4
• synthesize new ideas, evidence, and prior knowledge to address the problem or question—B.12.6

• Employ strategies such as summarizing main ideas or identifying areas of agreement to solve problems, resolve conflicts, and conclude discussions

• use data-gathering strategies that include summarizing, paraphrasing, comparing, and quoting—B.12.5
• organize information in systematic manner for unity, coherence, clarity, and emphasis—B.12.5
• interpret new information to formulate ideas which address the question or problem using comparison, evaluation, inference, and generalization skills—B.12.6
• synthesize new ideas, evidence, and prior knowledge to address the problem or question—B.12.6
• draw conclusions and support them with credible evidence—B.12.6

• Convey criticism in a respectful and supportive way

D. Language

D.12.1 Develop their vocabulary and ability to use words, phrases, idioms, and various grammatical structures as a means of improving communication

• Examine the origin, history, denotation, connotation, and usage of English words and phrases by consulting dictionaries, thesauruses, handbooks, and other sources of information about the language

• use increasingly complex organizational features of print and electronic resources such as cumulative and cross-database indexes—B.12.3
• determine when to use general or specialized print and electronic reference tools—B.12.3

• Evaluate the effects of different types of language, such as literary and technical, formal and informal, in communications designed to narrate, inform, explain, persuade, and entertain

• Use language appropriate to the background, knowledge, and age of an audience

• determine the audience and purpose for communicating the information—B.12.7

• Recognize and exercise options in modes of expression and choice of words when speaking and writing, especially when revising written work

• proofread and edit a document using the spell, thesaurus, and grammar checking functions of a word processing program—A.12.3
• manipulate graphics objects in a word processing program (e.g., select, move, modify, delete, duplicate, arrange)—A.12.3
• use desktop publishing and graphics software to produce page layouts in different formats (e.g., brochure, tri-fold, newsletter)—A.12.3
• use draw, paint, graphics, or presentation software to visually communicate ideas or concepts—A.12.5
• develop a document or file for inclusion into a website or web page—A.12.5

• Evaluate the use of standard American English in public contexts, such as school and work

• Evaluate the choice of words, expressions, and style considering the purpose and context of a communication

• assess the purpose and effectiveness of a production or presentation—A.12.6
• evaluate how words, images, sounds, and illustrations are constructed to convey specific messages, viewpoints, and values to shape attitudes and influence action—C.12.3

• Analyze and explain how immediate context and broader social, cultural, regional, and professional variables influence the use of language, citing characteristics such as level of formality, slang, jargon, and emotional impact

• pursue a variety of resources reflecting differing points of view, cultures, and disciplines—B.12.2
• evaluate how words, images, sounds, and illustrations are constructed to convey specific messages, viewpoints, and values to shape attitudes and influence action—C.12.3

• Draw inferences about values, attitudes, and points of view by analyzing a writer’s or speaker’s use of English

• Compare form, meaning, and value of different symbol systems, such as alphabets, signs, symbols and of expressions commonly used in another language

• contrast characteristics of common literary forms—C.12.3
• evaluate how words, images, sounds, and illustrations are constructed to convey specific messages, viewpoints, and values to shape attitudes and influence action—C.12.3

E. Media and Technology

A. Media and Technology

E.12.1 Use computers to acquire, organize, analyze, and communicate information

A.12.1 Use common media and technology terminology and equipment
A.12.2 Identify and use common media formats
A.12.3 Use a computer and productivity software to organize and create information
A.12.4 Use a computer and communications software to access and transmit information
A.12.5 Use media and technology to create and present information

• Design, format, and produce attractive word-processed documents for various purposes

• demonstrate proper keyboarding mechanics and touch type accurately (suggested range 30-35 wpm)—A.12.1
• use an integrated program or applications suite to complete a class assignment—A.12.3
• proofread and edit a document using the spell, thesaurus, and grammar checking functions of a word processing program—A.12.3
• manipulate graphics objects in a word processing program (e.g., select, move, modify, delete, duplicate, arrange)—A.12.3
• use desktop publishing and graphics software to produce page layouts in different formats (e.g., brochure, tri-fold, newsletter)—A.12.3

• Incorporate information from databases and spreadsheets into reports

• analyze data from a database and present conclusions in a document or report—A.12.3
• construct a spreadsheet, enter data into cells, use mathematical functions to manipulate/process data, generate a chart or graph, and interpret the results—A.12.3

• Integrate graphics appropriately into reports, newsletters, and other documents

• demonstrate how to import and export text, graphic, and sound files—A.12.2
• manipulate graphics objects in a word processing program (e.g., select, move, modify, delete, duplicate, arrange)—A.12.3
• use desktop publishing and graphics software to produce page layouts in different formats (e.g., brochure, tri-fold, newsletter)—A.12.3
• use draw, paint, graphics, or presentation software to visually communicate ideas or concepts—A.12.5

• Retrieve and reproduce documents across various platforms

• demonstrate how to import and export text, graphic, and sound files—A.12.2
• manipulate graphics objects in a word processing program (e.g., select, move, modify, delete, duplicate, arrange)—A.12.3
• use draw, paint, graphics, or presentation software to visually communicate ideas or concepts—A.12.5

• Use on-line sources to exchange information

• choose most appropriate search engines and directories to locate specific resources on the Internet or other on-line services—A.12.4
• distinguish between "pull" and "push" or "broadcast" methods of acquiring information from an on-line source—A.12.4
• employ FTP (file transfer protocol) to retrieve and download computer files from a remote computer—A.12.4
• use desktop conferencing, e-mail, or groupware to communicate with others regarding assignments or class projects—A.12.4
• establish access to primary sources and other experts for class reports or projects—A.12.4
• participate in an on-line discussion group or listserv appropriate to a content area—A.12.4
• gather and organize statistical or survey data using e-mail, listservs, or on-line news or discussion groups—A.12.4
• locate information using the classification system and catalog in use at a variety of libraries and resource agencies—B.12.3
• use increasingly complex organizational features of print and electronic resources such as cumulative and cross-databases and indexes—B.12.3
• construct effective electronic and manual searches using keywords, phrases, Boolean logic, and limiters—B.12.3
• determine when to use general or specialized print and electronic reference tools—B.12.3
• compare, evaluate, and select appropriate Internet search engines and directories—B.12.3

• Develop and apply evaluative criteria of accuracy and point of view to broadcast news programs

• distinguish among fact, opinion, point of view, and inference—B.12.4
• determine if sources are authoritative, valid, reliable, accurate, relevant, and comprehensive—B.12.4
• evaluate graphic images for misleading presentation and manipulated data—B.12.4
• evaluate how words, images, sounds, and illustrations are constructed to convey specific messages, viewpoints, and values to shape attitudes and influence action—C.12.3

• Recognize and explain the impact of various media on daily life

• Analyze the content and effect of subtle persuasive techniques used on-line and in broadcast and print media

• evaluate information for stereotyping, prejudice, and misrepresentation—B.12.4
• distinguish among fact, opinion, point of view, and inference—B.12.4
• determine if sources are authoritative, valid, reliable, accurate, relevant, and comprehensive—B.12.4
• evaluate graphic images for misleading presentation and manipulated data—B.12.4
• evaluate how words, images, sounds, and illustrations are constructed to convey specific messages, viewpoints, and values to shape attitudes and influence action—C.12.3

• Develop and apply criteria for evaluating broadcast programming

• assess the purpose and effectiveness of a production or presentation—A.12.6
• evaluate the appropriateness and effectiveness of the media and technology used—A.12.6
• determine criteria for judging the delivery, pacing, focus, and technical quality of the production or presentation—A.12.6
• judge how well the production or presentation meets specified criteria—A.12.6
• specify ways to improve future productions or presentations—A.12.6

• Create multimedia presentations in connection with major projects, such as research reports or exhibitions

• develop a product or presentation that utilizes the strengths of the medium and supports the conclusions drawn in the research effort—B.12.7

• Develop various media products to inform or entertain others in school or the community, such as slide shows, videos, newspapers, sound recordings, literary publications, and brochures

• use desktop publishing and graphics software to produce page layouts in different formats (e.g., brochure, tri-fold, newsletter)—A.12.3
• produce a multimedia program using text, graphics, moving images, and sound—A.12.5
• develop a document or file for inclusion into a website or web page—A.12.5
• participate in a desktop conferencing session to present and share information with others—A.12.5
• use draw, paint, graphics, or presentation software to visually communicate ideas or concepts—A.12.5
• determine the audience and purpose for communicating the information—B.12.7
• compare strengths and weaknesses of possible presentation methods and products—B.12.7
• select the most appropriate format for the product or presentation—B.12.7
• develop a product or presentation that utilizes the strengths of the medium and supports the conclusions drawn in the research effort—B.12.7

A.12.5 Use media and technology to create and present information

• Analyze the effect of media production techniques, such as music, camera angles, fade-outs, and lighting, on different audiences

• determine criteria for judging the delivery, pacing, focus, and technical quality of the production or presentation—A.12.6
• judge how well the production or presentation meets specified criteria—A.12.6
• specify ways to improve future productions or presentations—A.12.6

• Identify the impact of image and context on particular audiences receiving the same message

• assess the purpose and effectiveness of a production or presentation—A.12.6
• determine the audience and purpose for communicating the information—B.12.7
• evaluate how words, images, sounds, and illustrations are constructed to convey specific messages, viewpoints, and values to shape attitudes and influence action—C.12.3

• Develop and apply criteria for evaluating advertising campaigns for a variety of products, past and present

• Develop and present criteria for evaluating a variety of media products

• determine criteria for judging the delivery, pacing, focus, and technical quality of the production or presentation—A.12.6
• judge how well the production or presentation meets specified criteria—A.12.6
• specify ways to improve future productions or presentations—A.12.6
• establish the criteria to be used in judging both the product (or presentation) and the process—B.12.8

• Evaluate audience feedback on the clarity, form, effectiveness, technical achievement and aesthetic appeal of media work

• evaluate the appropriateness and effectiveness of the media and technology used—A.12.6
• determine criteria for judging the delivery, pacing, focus, and technical quality of the production or presentation—A.12.6

F. Research and Inquiry

B. Information and Inquiry

F.12.1 Conduct research and inquiry on self-selected or assigned topics, issues, or problems and use an appropriate form to communicate their findings

B.12.1 Define the need for information
B.12.2 Develop information seeking strategies
B.12.3 Locate and access information sources
B.12.4 Evaluate and select information from a variety of print, nonprint, and electronic formats
B.12.5 Record and organize information
B.12.6 Interpret and use information to solve the problem or answer the question
B.12.7 Communicate the results of research and inquiry in an appropriate format
B.12.8 Evaluate the information product and process

• Formulate questions addressing issues or problems that can be answered through a well-defined and focused investigation

• state the information problem or question in clear and concise terms—B.12.1
• relate prior knowledge to the problem or question—B.12.1
• develop specific research questions or a thesis statement based on the nature, purpose, and scope of project—B.12.1
• conduct a preliminary search to determine if the research questions or thesis statement is clear and searchable; refine and revise if necessary—B.12.1
• identify topics for independent study to meet individual learning needs and interests—C.12.4
• develop and apply criteria for judging success of learning projects—C.12.4
• establish goals, plans, budgets, and timelines for completing a project—C.12.4

• Use research tools found in school and college libraries, take notes, collect and classify sources, and develop strategies for finding and recording information

• identify and explain the use of common microforms—A.12.2
• choose most appropriate search engines and directories to locate specific resources on the Internet or other on-line services—A.12.4
• employ FTP (file transfer protocol) to retrieve and download computer files from a remote computer—A.12.4
• use desktop conferencing, e-mail, or groupware to communicate with others regarding assignments or class projects—A.12.4
• establish access to primary sources and other experts for class reports or projects—A.12.4
• participate in an on-line discussion group or listserv appropriate to a content area—A.12.4
• gather and organize statistical or survey data using e-mail, listservs, or on-line news or discussion groups—A.12.4
• identify a full range of appropriate and available information from local, national, and global sources—B.12.2
• identify the different classification systems used in local school, public and post-secondary libraries, and resource agencies—B.12.3
• locate information using the classification system and catalog in use at a variety of libraries and resource agencies—B.12.3
• use increasingly complex organizational features of print and electronic resources such as cumulative and cross-database indexes—B.12.3
• use different search strategies for bibliographic citations, abstracts, and full-text resources in electronic formats—B.12.3
• construct effective electronic and manual searches using keywords, phrases, Boolean logic, and limiters—B.12.3
• determine when to use general or specialized print and electronic reference tools—B.12.3
• compare, evaluate, and select appropriate Internet search engines and directories—B.12.3
• use data-gathering strategies that include summarizing, paraphrasing, comparing, and quoting—B.12.5
• follow standardized notetaking processes and compile bibliographic information in an approved format—B.12.5
• credit sources for all quotations, visuals, major ideas, and specific facts or data using accepted citation formats—B.12.5
• analyze and relate information using a variety of relational techniques (e.g., graphic organizers, database reports, spreadsheet charts, graphs)—B.12.5
• organize information in systematic manner for unity, coherence, clarity, and emphasis—B.12.5
• compile a bibliography in a format stipulated by an accepted manual of style—B.12.5

• Conduct interviews, taking notes or recording and transcribing oral information, then summarizing the results

• develop a plan to obtain needed information using a variety of research and investigative strategies (e.g., interviews, questionnaires, experiments, surveys)—B.12.2
• use data-gathering strategies that include summarizing, paraphrasing, comparing, and quoting—B.12.5
• follow standardized notetaking processes and compile bibliographic information in an approved format—B.12.5
• analyze and relate information using a variety of relational techniques (e.g., graphic organizers, database reports, spreadsheet charts, graphs)—B.12.5
• organize information in systematic manner for unity, coherence, clarity, and emphasis—B.12.5
• interpret new information to formulate ideas which address the question or problem using comparison, evaluation, inference, and generalization skills—B.12.6
• synthesize new ideas, evidence, and prior knowledge to address the problem or question—B.12.6

• Develop research strategies appropriate to the investigation, considering methods such as questionnaires, experiments, and field studies

• develop a plan to obtain needed information using a variety of research and investigative strategies (e.g., interviews, questionnaires, experiments, surveys)—B.12.2

• Organize research materials and data, maintaining a note-taking system that includes summary, paraphrase, and quoted material

• use data-gathering strategies that include summarizing, paraphrasing, comparing, and quoting—B.12.5
• follow standardized notetaking processes and compile bibliographic information in an approved format—B.12.5
• credit sources for all quotations, visuals, major ideas, and specific facts or data using accepted citation formats—B.12.5
• analyze and relate information using a variety of relational techniques (e.g., graphic organizers, database reports, spreadsheet charts, graphs)—B.12.5
• organize information in systematic manner for unity, coherence, clarity, and emphasis—B.12.5
• compile a bibliography in a format stipulated by an accepted manual of style—B.12.5
• explain conditions under which permission must be obtained for the use of copyrighted materials—D.12.3
• describe how to correspond with authors, publishers, or producers to obtain permission to use copyrighted materials in their work—D.12.3

• Evaluate the usefulness and credibility of data and sources by applying tests of evidence, including bias, position, expertise, adequacy, validity, reliability, and date

• select information clearly related to the problem or question—B.12.4
• evaluate information for stereotyping, prejudice, and misrepresentation—B.12.4
• distinguish among fact, opinion, point of view, and inference—B.12.4
• determine if sources are authoritative, valid, reliable, accurate, relevant, and comprehensive—B.12.4
• evaluate graphic images for misleading presentation and manipulated data—B.12.4
• determine authorship for all resources and identify points of agreement and disagreement among sources—B.12.4
• select information in formats and genre most appropriate to content—B.12.4
• credit sources for all quotations, visuals, major ideas, and specific facts or data using accepted citation formats—B.12.5

• Analyze, synthesize, and integrate data, drafting a reasoned report that supports and appropriately illustrates inferences and conclusions drawn from research

• interpret new information to formulate ideas which address the question or problem using comparison, evaluation, inference, and generalization skills—B.12.6
• synthesize new ideas, evidence, and prior knowledge to address the problem or question—B.12.6
• draw conclusions and support them with credible evidence—B.12.6

• Present findings in oral and written reports, correctly citing sources

• credit sources for all quotations, visuals, major ideas, and specific facts or data using accepted citation formats—B.12.5
• compile a bibliography in a format stipulated by an accepted manual of style—B.12.5
• compare strengths and weaknesses of possible presentation methods and products—B.12.7
• select the most appropriate format for the product or presentation—B.12.7
• develop a product or presentation that utilizes the strengths of the medium and supports the conclusions drawn in the research effort—B.12.7
• describe how to correspond with authors, publishers, or producers to obtain permission to use copyrighted materials in their work—D.12.3